Author Archives: apgoucher

Rational approximations to Platonic solids

It is straightforward to position a cube such that its vertices are all integer coordinates. For instance, we could choose its eight vertices to be (±1, ±1, ±1). Similarly, the vertices of a regular octahedron can be positioned at cyclic permutations … Continue reading

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Desert Island Theorems

Suppose you were cast away on a desert island. You’re only allowed to take a maximum of eight known theorems with you, along with rudimentary results such as ZFC axioms together with ‘boring stuff’ such as mathematical induction over the naturals, commutativity … Continue reading

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W. T. Tutte

In the not-too-distant future, people are going to be celebrating the 100th birthday of Bill Tutte. He’s not quite as well-known as Alan Turing, which is a shame since they were both equally invaluable in the cryptanalysis at Bletchley Park. You … Continue reading

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Cipher 45: Sisyphean

Occasionally, some of my ciphers have the frustrating property that whilst easy to realise what to do, they can still be incredibly long-winded to solve. I can imagine that this is one such cipher: I apologise for the profusion of Petersen … Continue reading

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Perrin sequence

The Perrin sequence is defined by a recurrence relation, and is qualitatively similar to the Lucas sequence. The initial terms are and subsequent terms are defined by , and summarised in the following spiral of equilateral triangles: As you can … Continue reading

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Leech lattice

I’ve been intending to write about the Leech lattice for a while now. I wanted to ensure that I could actually do it justice, and in particular make it strictly more comprehensive than the Wikipedia and Mathworld articles. The authoritative source on … Continue reading

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Category of scones

(This post is completely unrelated to the category of cones. Apologies if you were mistakenly directed here by a fuzzy search engine.) In May 2013, the category theorist Dr Eugenia Cheng (whom you may recognise from her quotations on the Imre Leader Appreciation Society) wrote a … Continue reading

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Cipher 44: Dostin

This is classically used as a rudimentary compression algorithm, although it also makes for a nice cipher challenge. 000011010110111 0100001111000111 1110 11000011100111101101001 001011101010100111 110100101 01001110100111110001010110001110111101111011010, 001001110101101001101010 11100111 1110 01100100000101001010011111101010 0000101100100, 0011001101011010010110 01011001100010101100011110010100000111 1111010000000010001010111 0011010110000110 01001110111111110110100111 110100101 001000111001011011111011000011110100 1111010010101100110000110 111111001100011001010111111001010000 11011010 … Continue reading

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Ten things you (possibly) didn’t know about the Petersen graph

Some mathematical objects are completely boring. Others have a few interesting properties. The Petersen graph, by comparison, has a plethora of quite remarkable features that, taken alone, would each qualify the graph as being interesting. I’ve mentioned this graph a few times … Continue reading

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Exotic continued fractions

Given a real number x, computing its continued fraction can reveal a lot of information. In the simplest case, the continued fraction terminates if and only if the number is rational. One particular example of this is the rational , … Continue reading

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